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What is a vortex ring state?

By ETL August 16, 2018 Aerodynamics, Flight Conditions / Maneuvers, Helicopter Performance

A vortex ring state is when the helicopter’s downwash recirculates into the induced flow and the helicopter descends while under power.

What is loss of tail rotor effectiveness (LTE)?

By ETL August 16, 2018 Flight Conditions / Maneuvers, Helicopter Performance

Loss of tail rotor effectiveness, commonly referred to as LTE, is when the ability to provide anti-torque thrust from the tail rotor is ineffective or highly unreliable.

Why are left pedal turns often considered safer?

By ETL August 16, 2018 Flight Conditions / Maneuvers, Helicopter Performance

More power is required for left pedal turns. If a left turn can be completed, there is enough power available to safely control the helicopter in the current flight conditions.

What is the height-velocity diagram?

By ETL August 16, 2018 Helicopter Performance

The height-velocity diagram is provided by the aircraft manufacturer and indicates speeds that should be avoided as a safe autorotation might not be possible.

What is total drag?

By ETL August 16, 2018 Helicopter Performance

Total drag is the sum of parasitic drag, profile drag, and induced drag.

What is the proper airspeed to fly for the best possible range?

By ETL August 16, 2018 Helicopter Performance

When flying for range, operate the helicopter at the speed for least amount of drag.

What is the proper airspeed to fly for endurance?

By ETL August 16, 2018 Helicopter Performance

When flying for endurance, operate the helicopter at the speed using the least amount of power.

How does density altitude affect helicopter performance?

By ETL August 16, 2018 Helicopter Performance

A high-density altitude decreases helicopter performance.

How do changes in center of gravity (CG) affect helicopter flight characteristics?

By ETL August 16, 2018 Helicopter Performance

The aircraft manufacturer sets the helicopter’s center of gravity limits. If operating outside of these limits, the helicopter may be uncontrollable in certain situations.

How does a helicopter perform in-ground effect vs. out of ground effect?

By ETL August 16, 2018 Aerodynamics, Helicopter Performance

The rotor disc becomes more efficient within close proximity of the ground, so it takes less power to provide the same amount lift.

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Autorotation Coriolis effect Dissymmetry of Lift Drag ETL Lift LTE Relative Wind

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